Japan has a way of turning everyday life into something memorable—slurping steaming bowls of ramen at a corner shop, wandering through a quiet shrine in the middle of a bustling city, or catching cherry blossoms falling on a spring morning. But there’s more to life here than the highlights. 

For Americans living in Japan, moving means figuring out visas, residence registration, healthcare, housing, taxes, and even simple things like navigating the language and local bureaucracy. Learn how to tackle all the practical stuff efficiently, so the paperwork doesn’t steal the time and energy from the experiences that make living in Japan so rewarding.

Is Japan a good fit for Americans?

Japan continues to rank as one of the world’s safest, most organized countries, and its blend of tradition and modernity is a big draw for Americans. Cities like Tokyo, Osaka, and Kyoto offer world-class transit, cultural richness, and strong public services. There are trade-offs: apartment sizes tend to be smaller than back home, social norms are more formal, and Japanese is the dominant everyday language.

Still, the day-to-day rhythm—late-night ramen, flawless bullet trains, vending machines on every block, hot springs, and seasonal rituals like hanami (cherry blossom viewing) make living there unique. Many Americans find camaraderie in expat communities while also enjoying deep local connections through work, school, and neighborhood interaction.

Cost of living: What your budget buys

Moving to Japan feels like stepping into a perfectly organized, ultra‑efficient world, but your wallet notices fast. Tokyo, Osaka, and Yokohama come with price tags that can make your eyes pop if you’re used to the U.S. Midwest or even smaller East Coast cities.

Rent

If you’re used to sprawling apartments in the U.S., brace yourself—in Japan, space is tight, and location drives the price. How much you pay depends on the city and the neighborhood.  

• Tokyo (central wards like Shinjuku, Minato, Chiyoda): ¥177,527 ($1,152) per month
• Tokyo suburbs and nearby cities (Setagaya, Nerima, parts of Yokohama): ¥103,625 ($655)
• Kyoto and Osaka: ¥89,152 and ¥112,000 ($565 and $708) in the city center
• Fukuoka and Sapporo: ¥84,424 and ¥72,000 ($534 and $455) for city-center apartments
• Okinawa (Naha): ¥115,000 ($727)

Utilities

Smaller apartments come with smaller bills, but don’t underestimate the seasonal swings. On average, expect:

• Electricity, gas, water: around ¥24,954 ($158) per month for an 85 m2 apartment       
• Internet (unlimited data, 60+ Mbps): around ¥5,095 ($32)
• Mobile phone plan: ¥3,860 ($25)

Heating in winter and air conditioning in summer can push your bills higher, especially in older apartments, but these utilities are usually predictable once you’ve lived here a few months.

Transportation

Japan’s public transport is legendary—and for good reason—but commuting costs add up.

• Tokyo metro monthly pass: ¥17,670 ($112) for all stations, ¥17,670 ($112) for all stations, with route-specific options available at significantly lower fees
• Suburban commutes: ¥14,640 ($93) for Tokyo – Yokohama, but the price depends on the distance and could be higher for cities further away
• Occasional taxi rides: around ¥500 ($3) for the first kilometer, then ¥100 (0.6$) per every 255m within Tokyo’s 23 wards

Most expats rely on commuter passes (teiki) for daily travel—it’s cheaper and hassle-free compared to buying individual tickets every day.

Groceries and dining

Japan is a paradise for food lovers, though costs vary by city. Here’s a rough ballpark for prices nationwide.

• Milk (1 l): ¥226.94 per liter ($1.43)
• Eggs: ¥323.75 per dozen ($2)
• Rice: ¥730.63 per 1 kg ($4.63)
• Chicken breast (1 kg): ¥1,013.22 ($6.42)
• Apples: ¥770.46 per 1 kg ($4.9)
• Quick bites like ramen or curry: ¥1000 ($6.33)
• Mid-range restaurant meal for two: ¥5,500 ($34.9)
• Coffee from a café: ¥481 ($3)

Convenience stores (konbini) are not just for snacks. They’re surprisingly good for ready-to-eat meals that are cheap, clean, and reliable.

Budget snapshot: How far $2,000 gets you

Living in Japan on $2,000 USD a month? It’s very doable, but how far that money stretches depends a lot on where you set up shop. Central Tokyo, Yokohama, and Osaka are exciting, but pricey. 

Move just a bit outside the core, and suddenly your budget goes a lot further. Here’s a side-by-side look at typical monthly expenses for a comfortable lifestyle so you can see the difference for yourself.

Category	Suburbs/regional cities	Tokyo/Yokohama/Osaka core
Rent (1-bedroom apartment)	¥60,000–¥100,000 ($380–$632)	¥120,000–¥180,000 ($760–$1,139)
Utilities and internet	¥10,000–¥15,000 ($63–$95)	¥10,000–¥18,000 ($63–$114)
Groceries	¥40,000–¥50,000 ($250–$316)	¥40,000–¥60,000 ($253–$380)
Transportation	¥5,000–¥15,000 ($31–$95)	¥10,000–¥18,000 ($63–$114)
Entertainment and extras	¥25,000–¥35,000 ($158–$221)	¥30,000–¥40,000 ($190–$253)
Total	~$1,400	~$2,000

Visa routes for U.S. citizens

Most U.S. passport holders don’t need a visa for short stays (up to 90 days) for tourism, visiting friends/family, or business meetings—you’ll get a Temporary Visitor status. If you’re planning a longer stay in Japan, whether for work, study, or family, you’ll need the right status of residence (visa). 

• Engineer/Specialist in humanities/international services: Ideal for software engineers, translators, designers, marketers, and many “professional” jobs. This is the most common work route for American expats.
• Highly skilled professional visa: A points‑based route that rewards education, experience, salary, and other achievements. If you qualify, this visa offers long stays and a faster track to permanent residency than most other work visas.
• Business manager visa: For foreigners who will manage or run a business in Japan. Requirements can include business plans, office space, adequate financial backing, and evidence of active management responsibilities.
• Intra‑company transferee: If you’re being transferred from a U.S. office to a Japanese branch, Japan offers this employer‑sponsored route (distinct status of residence). 
• Designated activities (including the digital nomad‑style option): Some unique programs fall under this category, including special remote‑work arrangements designed to let remote workers live in Japan for a set period.
• Student: For those coming to Japan for university, language school, or vocational study. Work generally isn’t allowed under this status unless you get permission to work part‑time from immigration after you arrive.
• Training/Trainee: A visa created for internships and structured training programs for people entering to acquire skills or knowledge at a Japanese organization—a more limited pathway than full employment. 
• Spouse or child of a Japanese national: If you marry a Japanese citizen, this visa lets you live and work with virtually no job restrictions.
• Spouse of a permanent resident:  Similar, but for spouses of foreign nationals who already have permanent residency in Japan.
• Dependent visa: If your spouse or parent holds a qualifying visa (work or student), you can join them as a dependent, though work rights may be limited (often part‑time only).

No matter which visa route you take, there are a few core steps that nearly all travelers follow to make their move official.

• Certificate of Eligibility (COE): In most cases (work, study, family), your sponsor in Japan applies for a COE—an official government confirmation of your purpose before you apply for the visa at a consulate.
• Apply for the visa at the Japanese Embassy/Consulate: Once the COE is issued, you submit it with your application in the U.S.
• Enter Japan and get your Residence Card: After arrival, immigration at the port issues your residence card—your ID for daily life in Japan (e.g., bank accounts, mobile contracts). 

Where Americans live in Japan

Choosing where to live in Japan depends on your lifestyle, budget, and what kind of experience you’re after. Some expats thrive in the nonstop buzz of Tokyo, while others prefer a slower pace in regional cities. 

• Tokyo: The heartbeat of Japan and the most expensive city. Fast-paced, endless dining and entertainment options, and top-tier public transportation. Popular wards for Americans include Minato (global business hub), Shinjuku and Shibuya (central, lively), and Meguro and Setagaya (quiet, residential).
• Yokohama: A coastal city just south of Tokyo. Slightly slower pace, more space for your money, international schools, parks, and a growing expat community.
• Osaka: Lively, food-focused, and slightly cheaper than Tokyo. Great for work in tech, finance, and creative industries.
• Kyoto:  Quiet, culturally rich (former capital of Japan), and full of temples. Ideal for those who want history and scenic neighborhoods while staying near urban conveniences.
• Fukuoka: A fast‑growing, livable city on Kyushu island with a relaxed vibe and affordable housing compared with Tokyo or Osaka. Known for ramen, beaches, and an easygoing lifestyle with smaller crowds.
• Sapporo: Hokkaido’s capital and the host of one of Japan’s most iconic winter events—the Sapporo Snow Festival. Winter sports haven, more affordable housing, and spacious apartments compared to Tokyo.
• Okinawa: Island life, sun, and beaches. Smaller expat communities and proximity to U.S. military bases, but higher costs for imports and shipping.

Many expats start out with short-term rentals like Airbnb or guesthouses while hunting for a longer-term lease. Many expats start with short-term rentals like Airbnb or guesthouses while hunting for a long-term lease. This lets you explore neighborhoods at different times—rush hour, evenings, and weekends—so you notice noise, traffic, or crowded spots that a quick apartment visit might hide. 

Work and salaries

Working in Japan can be thrilling, but it’s definitely a different experience than in the U.S. The approach to meetings, collaboration, and daily routines has its own rhythm—one that rewards observation, adaptability, and a willingness to learn local norms.

• Contracts: Most foreigners are hired on fixed-term contracts (1–3 years) with standard renewals. Probation periods (usually 3–6 months) are common.
• Bonuses: Japanese companies often pay two annual bonuses (summer and winter), which can sometimes equal 1–2 months of salary each—something to factor in when comparing offers.
• Work culture: Expect formal hierarchy, punctuality, and a strong emphasis on teamwork. English-only roles exist, but learning Japanese, even basic business phrases, opens more opportunities.

Many Americans find work in a handful of industries where demand is high, and English skills are valued. These sectors often offer structured roles with pathways for career growth:

• Tech and IT: Software engineers, data analysts, and developers are in high demand.
• Finance and consulting: Tokyo and Osaka host multinational banks, insurance, and consulting firms.
• Automotive and manufacturing: Engineering roles in global Japanese companies.
• Creative and marketing: Advertising, content creation, and design positions for bilingual professionals.
• Education: Teaching English remains one of the most common routes, through programs like JET or private schools. 

Salaries for American expats in Japan vary widely depending on experience, industry, and role. Some of these salaries can look attractive on paper, but it’s important to consider how they align with the cost of living in Japan, especially in cities like Tokyo or Osaka. Rent, commuting, and everyday expenses can add up quickly.

Housing and real estate

Housing in Japan works a little differently than in the U.S., whether you’re renting or buying, so knowing the local rules and customs upfront can save you time, money, and stress. Renting typically involves understanding the layouts and key rental practices, so you know what you’re signing up for:

• 1K / 1DK: Small studio or a one-bedroom apartment with a separate kitchen; perfect for singles or couples.
• 1LDK / 2LDK: One-bedroom plus living/dining area; ideal for small families.
• Key money (reikin): A one-time, non-refundable payment to the landlord, often 1–2 months’ rent.
• Deposit (shikikin): Typically 1–2 months’ rent, refundable but sometimes partially deducted for cleaning.
• Agency fee: Usually 1 month’s rent when using a real estate agent.
• Furnished vs. unfurnished: Most apartments are unfurnished; kitchens have basic appliances but no beds or sofas.
• Commuting first: Japanese apartments are smaller, so proximity to work or school is often prioritized over size.

Buying a home in Japan comes with its own considerations, from financing to location to understanding how the process works:

• Mortgages are available for foreigners but often require long-term residency, proof of stable income that goes beyond the minimum used for Japanese citizens, and/or higher down payments.
• Japanese apartments often depreciate faster than houses in the U.S., so resale value is less predictable.
• Single-family houses are more common in suburbs, while city-center apartments dominate Tokyo and Osaka. 

Healthcare system

Japan’s healthcare system is world-class, efficient, and affordable, but it works differently than in the U.S. Most residents (including foreign residents staying longer than 3 months) are enrolled in one of two public insurance schemes—National Health Insurance or Employee Health Insurance, while pensioners have their own discounted scheme.

National Health Insurance (Kokumin Kenko Hoken)

• All legal residents (including foreigners) staying longer than 3 months are required to enroll if not covered by employee insurance.
• Premiums are based on the head of household’s age and income and include a per-capita rate and other municipal add-ons. They vary widely by municipality.
• Patients typically pay 30% out-of-pocket at the point of service, with the insurer paying the remaining 70%.

Employee Health Insurance (Shakai Hoken)

• For full-time employees employed at a Japanese company.
• Premiums vary and include the health insurance contribution (projected to be around 9.9% on average in 2026), a long-term care fee for those aged 40-64 (projected to be around 1.62% on average in 2026), and child and childcare support (0.23%)—all split between the employer and employee.
• Also covers 70% of medical costs at the point of service, plus disability, maternity, and pension benefits.

Both plans include access to doctors, hospitals, and pharmacies across Japan. Most clinics have English-speaking staff in major cities, but smaller towns may require basic Japanese phrases. If your hospital bill is too high for you to cover, the High Cost Medical Expense benefit can significantly reduce it, but you have to apply for it via your insurer.

Supplemental and private coverage

While public healthcare is mandatory for residents, many Americans choose extra private insurance to cover:

• English-speaking doctors in smaller cities
• Dental, vision, or specialty treatments not fully covered by NHI
• Overseas travel coverage or evacuation

Private or international health insurance plans in Japan can range widely in cost, depending on the insurer and coverage. Still, they are noticeably more affordable than in the U.S. 

Visiting clinics and hospitals

Getting medical care in Japan is usually smooth, but the type of facility you choose depends on what you need.

• Walk-in clinics: Perfect for colds, minor injuries, or vaccinations.
• Specialist hospitals: Needed for surgery, chronic conditions, or specialized care.
• Emergency care: Japan has reliable ambulance services; you’ll pay a copay (usually 30%) unless it’s life-threatening.

Always bring your health insurance card (hokensho)—without it, you may be billed 100% of the cost.

Japanese language and integration

Even a little Japanese pays big dividends every day. From city hall to the grocery store, these tips help you get things done and connect smoothly with Japanese people. Good options for learning include:

• Ward-run classes: Most cities offer low-cost Japanese classes for residents. They’re a great way to start learning vocabulary, grammar, and everyday etiquette.
• Tutors and online lessons: Private tutors or online platforms let you learn at your own pace—perfect for busy work schedules.
• JLPT tracks: If you plan to stay long-term, consider following the Japanese-Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) levels. Even Level N5 (beginner) helps with daily life. Level N2 or N1 opens up more professional opportunities.

Language helps, but real integration comes from connections. Whether it’s joining local events or expat groups, these strategies will help you meet people and feel at home in Japan.

• Local events: Festivals, neighborhood clean-ups, or ward social programs are excellent ways to meet Japanese neighbors.
• Expat groups: Facebook groups, Meetup, and international clubs help you connect with fellow Americans and other expats.
• Cultural integration: Understanding customs like gift-giving, train etiquette, and proper greetings reduces culture shock and builds trust.

Culture and everyday etiquette

Japan has a lot of unspoken rules, and the little things really matter. From how you behave on a train to how you greet someone at work, these everyday habits shape how smoothly life goes and how welcome you feel in your new community.

Trains and public transport

Rush hour in Tokyo is a study in efficiency—watch how people move, stand, and wait, and you’ll quickly pick up on unspoken commuter rhythms. Here are some:

• Quiet and punctual: Phones on silent, conversations low, and no eating on local trains.
• Priority seats: Reserved for the elderly, pregnant people, or those with disabilities—don’t sit there unless no one from those groups is present and it’s empty.
• Lines and boarding: Always queue orderly and let passengers exit before you enter.

Sorting trash and recycling

Trash day in Japan can feel like a mini puzzle: get the sorting right, and you’ll win neighborhood respect; get it wrong, and your garbage may sit a week longer than expected.

• Strict rules: Trash is carefully sorted into burnable, non-burnable, plastics, cans, bottles, and sometimes paper.
• Pick-up days: Check your ward’s calendar—some items are collected only once a month.
• Community effort: Following the rules is seen as part of respecting your neighborhood and Japanese culture.

Gift-giving and social norms

Small gestures carry big weight in Japan. Knowing when and how to give them can open doors socially and professionally.

• Omiyage (souvenirs): Bringing small gifts from home or when visiting someone is appreciated.
• Business etiquette: Bowing, exchanging business cards with both hands, and using polite language show respect.
• Invitations and hospitality: Punctuality is crucial, and declining politely is preferred over saying no outright.

After-work and socializing

Even casual office events reveal a lot about workplace dynamics—observing who speaks, when, and how people interact helps you read the room.

• Workplace hierarchy: Respect for seniority and managers is central in Japan, and on a much higher level than back home. It shows in language, body language, and small gestures like handing documents with both hands. 
• Meeting etiquette: Japanese meetings often start quietly, while seniors speak first. Being punctual, prepared, and observant signals respect more than participating in the discussion. Note who leads, how decisions are made, and follow the rhythm of the room.
• Email and messaging norms: Internal emails and messages are usually formal, even for minor updates. Casual tone is reserved for trusted colleagues or social platforms like LINE. Clear, polite communication helps maintain professionalism and avoids accidental offense.
• Gift gestures at work: Small seasonal gifts, snacks, or fruit for colleagues are a subtle way to build goodwill. Offering treats when returning from travel or during holidays is appreciated and strengthens team bonds. These gestures are especially meaningful in offices where hierarchy is strict.

Schools and family life

Public schools start in April and are free for residents (aside from lunches and supplies), while private and international schools may follow slightly different calendars and, of course, charge tuition—sometimes quite a bit depending on the program and location.

• Public schools: Free for residents, follow the Japanese curriculum, and teach Japanese language and culture intensively. Great for full immersion, but your child may need extra support if they’re not fluent in Japanese.
• Bilingual schools: Combine the Japanese curriculum with international content. Popular in big cities like Tokyo, Yokohama, and Osaka. Gives kids exposure to both languages and cultures.
• International schools: Offer curricula like IB, British (GCSE/A-Level), or American High School/AP programs. Ideal if you plan to stay temporarily or want continuity with U.S. education.

Many city wards offer family events, parent support groups, and kids’ classes, which are perfect for building local connections. Sports, music, and cultural programs are widely available too, helping children socialize and feel part of the community. 

Taxes for Americans in Japan

Paying taxes as an American in Japan can feel like a double challenge—you’re dealing with both U.S. and Japanese rules. Let’s break down how the two systems fit together.

U.S. tax obligations

As a U.S. citizen or green card holder living in Japan, you still have to think about the IRS. Even if all your income comes from Japan, the U.S. wants an annual tax return. But there are ways to avoid double taxation and take advantage of exclusions or credits. 

Here’s what to know:

• Form 1040: U.S. citizens and green card holders must file every year, even if living abroad.
• Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (Form 2555): Allows you to exclude up to $132,900 (2026 tax year) of foreign-earned income if you meet the bona fide residence or physical presence test.
• Foreign Tax Credit (Form 1116): Lets you offset U.S. taxes by the income tax you paid to Japan. Useful if your Japanese tax is higher than the FEIE limit.
• FBAR/FATCA (Form 114): Required if your foreign bank accounts exceed $10,000 (FBAR) or certain thresholds under FATCA.

These tools work together to ensure that your U.S. tax liability is fair and that you’re not paying twice on the same income. Keeping careful records of income and foreign taxes paid makes claiming FEIE or FTC much simpler.

Japanese tax system

While you still report to the U.S., Japan considers you a taxpayer too. Depending on your residency status, your obligations can vary, but the system is generally predictable once you understand the basics:

• Your residency status is key: Non-residents pay tax only on income earned in Japan. Non-permanent residents (in Japan under 5 years and not planning to stay) pay tax on Japanese income and any foreign income sent to Japan. Permanent residents (lived 5+ years and plan to stay) pay tax on worldwide income.
• Income tax (Shotokuzei): Progressive rates from 5% to 45%, plus local inhabitant taxes (around 10%).
• Year-end adjustment (Nenmatsu Chosei): For salaried employees, many taxes are automatically reconciled by the employer at year-end, so filing is simpler.
• Documentation: Keep payslips, COE, and proof of Japanese taxes paid. This makes claiming FEIE or FTC on your U.S. return smoother.

Understanding how these pieces fit together—U.S. obligations, Japanese obligations, and proper record-keeping—keeps you compliant and helps you make smart tax decisions while living abroad.

Settling in Japan without the stress

Life in Japan rewards preparation with safety, convenience, and a truly high quality of life. From securing the right visa and finding a neighborhood that fits your budget, to setting up housing, enrolling in healthcare, and building your language skills, every step you take ahead of time makes daily life smoother and more enjoyable.

And while getting settled abroad can feel like a lot, managing your U.S. taxes doesn’t have to slow you down. Subscribe to Bright!Tax newsletter to get practical tax-saving tips, deadline reminders, and guidance tailored to Americans abroad, so you can stay on top of your obligations while setting up your new home in Japan.

If you’ve ever wondered how to move to Japan from the US, consider this a sign. Renowned for its high quality of life, natural beauty, and relatively low cost of living, Japan has long captivated the attention of Americans. The delicious sushi and ramen, stunning temples and shrines, and breathtaking cherry blossoms and bamboo groves don’t hurt, either.

But how hard is it to move to Japan, and how can you do so? While Japan has historically been one of the more difficult countries to move to, Americans hoping to move to the Land of the Rising Sun have multiple visa options to choose from. Of course, before moving to a new country, it’s important to consider practical matters like taxes, the language, and where to move.

That’s why we’ve put together a brief guide on how to move to Japan as an American. Whether you’re wondering how to move to Japan permanently or just temporarily, the guide below walks you through everything you need to consider.

Snapshot of Expat Life in Japan

Population: 124.5 million

Approximate number of American expats: 63,408

Capital city: Tokyo

Currency: Japanese Yen (¥)

Official language(s): Japanese

Top cities for expats: Tokyo, Okinawa, Kyoto, Sapporo

School-year calendar: April to March

How to move to Japan from the USA: Types of visas

Below are a few of the most common visa options for Americans living in Japan¹:

Working visa for Americans

The Japanese working visa is for professionals who have received a job offer from a Japanese company. It can last anywhere from three months to five years, depending on the length of the employee’s contract. After that period, holders can extend their visa as long as they continue to work for the same employer.

Intra-company transferee visa

Japan’s intra-company transferee visa is for American employees of multinational companies with offices in Japan. Again, it can last anywhere from three months to five years depending on the length of the employee’s contract. After that period, holders can extend their visa as long as they continue to work in Japan for the same employer.

Multinational companies with headquarters in Japan

Seeking companies that regularly recruit international talent for positions in Japan? A few international corporations with headquarters in Japan include:

• Sony
• Toyota
• SoftBank
• Nintendo
• Mitsubishi

There are also many American-based companies with offices in Japan in industries like tech  (Apple, Google, Amazon, Salesforce), finance (PwC, Deloitte, Goldman Sachs, EY, KPMG), and consumer packaged goods (Johnson & Johnson, Procter & Gamble, Coca Cola, Kraft Heinz).

Highly skilled professional visa for US citizens 

The Japanese highly skilled professional visa is for those working in advanced academic research, specialized or technical activities, or business management activities. It lasts for five years, after which it can be extended.

Student visa

The Japanese student visa is for Americans planning to study at educational institutions in Japan. It can last anywhere from three months to four years and three months, depending on the duration of your studies.

Visas for spouses & children

Japan offers visas for US citizens who are spouses and children of Japanese nationals and permanent residents. Moreover, dependents of US citizens who hold a valid Japanese long-stay visa can apply for visas of their own. 

These visas can last anywhere from six months to five years, depending on the circumstances of the spouse/parent(s). Holders can also extend these visas upon expiration if they continue to meet the requirements.

Entrepreneurship visas

The Japanese startup visa is for American entrepreneurs hoping to start a new business in Japan. It offers a transitory six-month stay for those getting their business off the ground. Afterward, holders can extend the visa once for an additional six months. To stay longer, entrepreneurs must apply for a business manager visa under the highly skilled professional visa category.

Long-term residency visa for Americans with Japanese heritage

Americans with Japanese heritage may be able to apply for Japan’s long-term resident visa. Eligible groups include the grandchildren of Japanese nationals and second- and third-generation Japanese settlers in foreign countries. The visa can last anywhere from six months to five years. After that period, holders can choose to extend the visa.

How to apply for a Japanese visa

The exact visa application process can vary slightly depending on which visa you apply for. However, it will generally involve:

• Gathering all the required documents:
  • Passport & copy
  • Visa application form
  • Passport-sized photo
  • Certificate of Eligibility (certain visas)
  • Other documents specific to your visa
• Booking an appointment at your local Japanese consulate to submit your visa
  • Note: Some consulates may allow mail-in visa applications
• Attending the appointment & submitting your visa application
• Receiving approval (typically one week, assuming you included all necessary documentation)
• Picking up your visa in person
• Going to Japan & receiving your zairyu card (residence card) upon entry
• Registering your residence within 14 days of arrival at your local municipal office

How to find out if you’re eligible for American-Japanese dual citizenship

Japanese law forbids holding multiple nationalities on paper, but in reality, it’s a little more complex.

Individuals who received both US and Japanese citizenship at birth can often maintain dual citizenship until 22 years old². At that point, the Japanese government typically requires them to choose between nationalities. Choosing Japanese citizenship, however, does not require you to actively forfeit your US citizenship — so some people maintain dual citizenship under the radar.

If the Japanese government finds out you acquired or maintain another nationality, however, they will generally revoke your Japanese citizenship. They will also require you to give up your US citizenship (or any other citizenship you hold) if you apply to become a naturalized Japanese citizen.

Moving to Japan: Checklist for Americans

Big moves inevitably come with a lot of questions, like “How much does it cost to move to Japan,” “What should I bring to Japan,” and “How do I find a job in Japan.” While you’ll likely still need to do some independent research to prepare for your move, we’ve come up with a checklist to help get you started:

• Gather all of your official documents, such as your passport & visa
• Have at least ¥500,000 (~$3,221) in savings for upfront moving costs
• Book your flight & reserve short-term accommodations 
• Create a packing list
• Bring a three-month supply of any prescriptions you take & a copy of your medical record
• Sort through your possessions to determine what to bring with you, put in storage, sell, or donate 
• Cancel services & subscriptions that you won’t use anymore (e.g. internet, phone plan, US-specific streaming services)
• Alert your bank & credit card company to your move so they won’t flag purchases abroad as suspicious
• Complete a change of address form
• Research options for Japanese banks & cell phone plans
• Reach out to other US expats living in Japan for advice — Facebook groups & subreddits are a great place to start

Best airlines to fly from the US to Japan

Numerous airlines provide direct flights from the US to Japan, with some standing out for their exceptional customer experience, including: 

• All Nippon Airways (ANA)
• Japan Airlines (JAL)
• Singapore Airlines
• Delta Airlines
• United Airlines

Best places for US expats to live in Japan

There are plenty of great places to live throughout the country, but some of the best expat hubs in Japan include:

Tokyo

Tokyo is a great option for Americans considering moving to Japan. As the capital and largest city, Tokyo is a fascinating blend of technology, popular culture, and tradition. Whether you want to eat in a Michelin-starred restaurant, indulge your inner geek at the Ghibli Museum or Pokémon Café, or shop for avant-garde street fashion in Harajuku, there’s no lack of entertainment options in Tokyo.

A few popular Tokyo neighborhoods for expats include Roppongi, Hiroo, and Azabu.

Okinawa

The small southwestern island of Okinawa, on the other hand, offers a serene escape from the hustle and bustle of mainland Japan. 

With white sand beaches, crystal-clear waters, and a warm subtropical climate, Okinawa is perfect for anyone who loves surfing, scuba diving, swimming, or just soaking up the sun. Expats also appreciate Okinawa’s relaxed pace of life, traditional Ryukyuan culture, and natural beauty. 

A few of the most popular expat areas in Okinawa include Yomitan, Chatan, and Sunabe.

Kyoto

Kyoto, Japan’s former capital, is a major draw for those looking to immerse themselves in traditional Japanese culture. Ancient temples, shrines, castles, and historic tea houses all contribute to an atmosphere steeped in cultural richness and spiritual depth. Nature lovers, meanwhile, can find refuge in sites like Iwatayama Monkey Park and the famous Arashiyama Bamboo Grove. 

A few Kyoto neighborhoods favored by expats include Katsura, Karasuma, and Pontocho.

Sapporo

Sapporo may be best known for its eponymous beer — but this northern Japanese city offers expat residents much more than just that.

Sapporo’s numerous ramen stalls and seafood markets have marked it as an up-and-coming foodie destination, while the modern architecture and vast green spaces make it a pleasure to stroll around on a nice spring day. But Sapporo arguably shines brightest during the winter months, when residents take advantage of the nearby ski slopes and celebrate the Sapporo Snow Festival.

A few of the most popular neighborhoods for Americans in Sapporo include Odori Park, Maruyama, and Nakajima. If you are thinking of moving to Sapporo, you may want to consider hiring an English-speaking real estate agency, like Find Hokkaido Agents.

Invest in learning the local language

If you’re an American moving to Japan, learning Japanese is likely worth your time. Only about 10% of the country speaks fluent English³ — and while that percentage is typically higher in urban areas, your day-to-day life will almost certainly be easier with some Japanese under your belt.

Prices for a three-month Japanese language course vary by institution and location, typically ranging from ¥150,000 to ¥200,000 (~$967 to ~$1,289)⁴. Many academies offer both part-time and full-time courses, making it possible for working professionals to take an intensive language course.

Some of the more well-known language schools include:

• KAI Japanese Language School
• KCP International Japanese Language School
• Genki Japanese and Culture School

Best way to find accommodation in Japan

Since finding an apartment in Japan usually takes four to six weeks, it’s a good idea to arrange short-term accommodations during your search.

Some of the best options for short-term stays in Japan are “share houses” — fully-furnished living spaces shared by multiple renters — such as Sakura House, Oakhouse, and Social Apartment. Of course, you can also look up hostels on HostelWorld or short-term rentals on sites like Airbnb and Vrbo.

When it comes to long-term rentals, most foreign nationals choose to go through a real estate agency. Some, like KEN Corp, are specifically geared toward foreigners. Others, like Minimini, cater to a more general audience and, as such, may require you to hire a translator (or have a high level of written and spoken Japanese).

Other popular housing resources include Gaijinpot, Facebook groups, and the government-affiliated Urban Renaissance Agency (UR) website.

Cost of living in Japan

The cost of living in Japan will vary widely based on your location and lifestyle, but it’s still usually significantly lower than in the vast majority of the US. By some estimates, the cost of living in Japan is 41.1% lower than that of the US⁵.

Other average costs of common expenses in Japan include: 

• Meal at an inexpensive restaurant: $6.45
• 3-course meal for 2 at a mid-range restaurant: $32.25
• Monthly metro pass: $51.61 
• Monthly utilities: $166.16
• Gym membership: $55.81
• Day care for 1 month: $361.68

How much is rent for a US citizen in Japan?

Rent in Japan varies by location, with one-bedroom apartments averaging around $567 per month in city centers and $385 outside of city centers. Three-bedroom apartments, meanwhile, average about $1,246 in city centers and $753 outside of city centers. 

Tokyo is the most expensive metropolitan for renters, with one-bedrooms averaging $1,065 per month in the city center and $596 per month outside of it. Three-bedroom apartments, meanwhile, average $2,677 per month in the city center and $1,249 per month outside of it.

Rural areas are, of course, much cheaper on average, with one-bedroom apartments costing only around ¥40,000 (~$258) per month⁶.

How to open a bank account in Japan

Opening a Japanese bank account as an American can be a bit difficult, but it’s well worth the effort. Having a Japanese bank account can be useful or even necessary to get paid by a Japanese employer, pay utilities, and purchase real estate.

While you may need the help of a Japanese-speaking friend or translator to fill out forms or talk to a representative, the process itself is fairly straightforward⁷:

• Gather the required documents
  • Passport
  • Residence card (aka Zairyu card)
  • Town hall registration
  • Proof of address (e.g. utility bill)
  • Personal seal (aka inkan or hanko)
  • Japanese mobile number
• Apply for an account in person or online
• Fill out the application form
• Make an initial deposit, if required (typically at least ¥1,000, or about ~$6.45 USD)
• Get your bank card
• Download your bank’s mobile app to set up online banking

Best Japan banks for US expats

Some of the best banking options in Japan for English-speaking foreigners include:

• Japan Post Bank (JP Bank)
• Shinsei Bank
• Rakuten Bank
• SMBC Trust Bank
• Sony Bank

Online banks may be an option

If you don’t want to open a physical bank account in Japan, you might consider opening an account with an online bank such as Starling Bank, Monzo, or Monese. Money transfer services like Wise, meanwhile, make it easy to transfer funds between your US and international bank accounts.

Taxes in Japan for US expats

How to file taxes in Japan

Japanese taxpayers fall into three different groups⁸:

• Non-Residents: Those who have been living in Japan for less than a year over the last 10 years and don’t plan to stay. Subject to a flat 20.42% tax on Japanese-source income only
• Non-Permanent Residents: Those who have lived in Japan for less than five years over the last 10 years, but don’t plan to stay. Subject to taxes on all income except for income earned abroad and not remitted to Japan 
• Permanent Residents: Those who have lived in Japan for five years or more over the last 10 years, or who intend to stay permanently. Subject to taxes on worldwide income

Many Japanese residents do not need to file a tax return if they have only salary or pension income below a certain threshold. However, the following groups must file a tax return⁹:

• Self-employed individuals who earn above ¥580,000 (~$3,756) annually 
• Employees who earn above ¥20 million (~$129,510) annually
• Retirees with state pensions in excess of ¥4 million (~$25,902) annually
• Those with side gigs that bring in above ¥200,000 (~$1,296) annually
• Those with more than one employer
• Those working for a foreign employer in Japan or receiving a salary from abroad
• Those who leave Japan before the end of the tax year
• Directors of family businesses (and their direct family members) who receive:
  • Loan interest income
  • Rent for commercial property
  • Payments for the use of certain equipment
• Those who have not otherwise had any taxes withheld

Taxes are due between February 16th and March 15th. Most Japanese taxpayers use the government’s e-Tax website, although you can also mail in a paper return or file a return at your local tax office.

Japan income tax rates, tax year 2024

Income (JPY)	Income (USD)	Tax rate	Deduction (JPY)	Deduction (USD)
Up to ¥1.95 million	Up to ~$12,618	5%	0	0
¥1.95 million – ¥3.3 million	~$12,618 – ~$21,353	10%	¥97,500	~$631
¥3.3 million – ¥6.95 million	~$21,353 – ~$44,983	20%	¥427,500	~$2,767
¥6.95 million – ¥9 million	~$44,983 – ~$58,236	23%	¥636,000	~$4,116
¥9 million – ¥18 million	~$58,236 – ~$116,472	33%	¥1,536,000	~$9,940
¥18 million – ¥40 million	~$116,472 – ~$258,838	40%	¥2,796,000	~$18,094
Above ¥40 million	Above ~$258,838	45%	¥4,796,000	~$31,036

Other common taxes in Japan include:

• Local income taxes: Typically 10%
• Business income: 3% to 5% on income over ¥2.9 million (~$18,756)
• Stock & security gains: 20.315%
• Real estate gains
  • Short term (Held less than 5 years): 39.63%
  • Long-term (Held for 5+ years): 20.315% on 50% of net gain
• Social security taxes: 14.75%
• VAT: 10% with reduced rates on certain goods & services

How to file US taxes in Japan

Moving abroad doesn’t mean you’re off the hook for US taxes. If you’re an American citizen or permanent resident who meets the minimum income reporting threshold, you must file a federal tax return regardless of where in the world you live.

Taxes for Americans living abroad are due on June 15th, although you can file Form 4868 to receive an extension until October 15th. However, you must still make an estimated tax payment by April 15th regardless of when you file your tax return.

If you’re also subject to taxes in Japan, you risk facing double taxation. While there is a US-Japan tax treaty, a tricky clause renders most of its benefits useless for the majority of Americans living there. The good news? US expats abroad can often erase their US tax bill entirely through tax breaks, including the following:

Earn a dollar-for-dollar, nonrefundable credit

The Foreign Tax Credit (FTC) gives you dollar-for-dollar credits for any foreign income taxes you’ve paid that are legal and charged to you specifically. To claim it, you must file Form 1116.

Avoid double taxation on earned income

The Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE) allows you to exclude up to $126,500 of your foreign-earned income from taxation in the 2024 tax year. For tax year 2025, that number will increase to $130,000 to account for inflation.

To qualify for the FEIE, you must pass either the Physical Presence Test or Bona Fide Residence Test. Doing so also qualifies you for the Foreign Housing Exclusion, which allows you to write off certain foreign housing expenses like rent, utilities, and residential parking.

Claim refundable credits for your dependent children

US expat parents can claim the Child Tax Credit (CTC) just as they would if they were living in the US. Typically, this credit allows expat parents to claim up to $2,000 in partially-refundable credits per qualifying child/dependent.

FATCA & FBAR considerations

Although expatriates receive certain tax breaks, they may also face additional reporting obligations. Those with over $10,000 across foreign financial accounts at any point in the tax year must file a Foreign Bank Account Report (FBAR).

Similarly, the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) requires those abroad with foreign financial assets totaling over $200,000 on the last day of — or over $300,000 at any point during — the tax year to report them on Form 8938.

Common tax challenges for US expats in Japan

Filing taxes as a US expat living in Japan can add a layer of complication to your tax and reporting obligations. For example, you may have to file both a US tax return and a Japanese tax return, which can be time-consuming and tedious. Additionally, navigating Japanese tax forms could be difficult if you don’t have a strong grasp of the language.

Your status as a US expat may also change your US tax and reporting obligations in ways you might not realize. Furthermore, there are likely tax breaks available to you that you may not be aware of or understand how to claim on your own.

As a remote worker eager to travel the world, you may have been dreaming of visiting Japan’s beautiful temples. Or attending one of their famous cherry blossom festivals. Or indulging in truly authentic sushi, katsu, and yakitori.

If this sounds familiar, you’re in luck — with the Japan digital nomad visa, you can make those dreams come true.

Japan’s Immigration Services Agency (ISA) has publicly discussed plans to create a digital nomad visa for some time. They’ve now shared additional details on the visa, including requirements, duration, and launch date.

Below, we’ll walk you through all of the information the authorities have shared so far and discuss some alternative visas that can potentially help you stay in the country on a longer-term basis.

Snapshot of Expat Life in Japan

Population: 125.7 million

Capital city: Tokyo

Currency: Japanese yen (JPY)

Official language(s): JapaneseApproximate number of American expats: ~62,500

Background on the Japan Digital Nomad Visa

As the pandemic lessened in severity and travel restrictions eased up, many knowledge workers began to take advantage of their newfound flexibility to travel and work abroad. Governments looking to boost their economies took heed, launching visas specifically designed to attract these teleworkers.

Today, some 50 countries offer dedicated digital nomad visas — a number that continues to grow as other nations see the benefits of bringing in highly skilled, economically solvent workers who can stimulate the economy without adding competition to the local job market.

Even countries historically employing strict immigration policies, like Japan, have gotten on board today. The Japanese government first announced they were developing a digital nomad visa in 2023 and shared some of the concrete details on February 2nd, 2024. The visa went live in late March 2024.

Japan Digital Nomad Visa Requirements & Stipulations

Eligibility & Qualifications

Japan’s digital nomad visa is geared toward remote workers from one of 49 different countries that have signed tax treaties or visa-free short-term travel agreements with Japan, including the US, UK, all EU countries, Australia, South Korea, Singapore, and more. Specifically, these workers must:

• Work for an organization based outside of Japan as an employee or contractor
• Earn a minimum annual income of ¥10 million (~$67,474)
• Hold a private health insurance policy

Duration & Renewal Options

The Japanese digital nomad visa lasts for six months. While they can’t renew it, holders may apply for it again six months after the initial visa has expired.

Permitted Activities & Restrictions

The digital nomad visa holders will be allowed to bring their spouse and children under the visa, provided they purchase individual health insurance policies for them. Because the digital nomad visa is only temporary, they will not be permitted to enter long-term rental contracts in Japan.

Extending Your Stay in Japan

While the digital nomad visa is only intended for short-term stays, savvy digital nomads who meet certain requirements may be able to apply for a long-stay visa.

Below, we’ll discuss three options: the Student Visa, the Highly Skilled Professional (HSP) Visa, and the Business Manager Visa.

Student Visa

By studying in a Japanese educational institution — such as a Japanese language school, university, vocational center, etc. — you can get a visa lasting anywhere from three months to four years and three months, depending on the length of your program.

To successfully apply, you will need to register as a student in a qualifying educational institution and submit the following documents to your designated Japanese consulate in your home country :

• Passport
• Passport-sized photograph
• Completed visa application form
• Certificate of eligibility

To maintain yourself during your studies, you can apply for a work permit allowing you to work up to 28 hours a week. You can receive a work permit by either:

• Handing a completed work permit application form to an immigration officer upon arrival at a Japanese airport
• Submitting a more detailed form at your designated immigration office in Japan

With the work permit, you can seek employment with a Japanese employer or work as a freelancer.

Japan Highly Skilled Professional (HSP) Visa

This visa category makes it easier for highly skilled foreign professionals to work and live in Japan. The visa is not limited to a specific profession but covers a range of fields including academics, researchers, engineers, specialized technicians, and more.

The Highly Skilled Professional visa in Japan encompasses three categories, each with its own criteria and benefits:

• Advanced Academic Researcher: For researchers, scientists, and academics with advanced expertise and achievements in their field
• Advanced Specialized/Technical Professionals: For individuals with advanced skills and extensive experience in fields such as engineering, technology, natural sciences, healthcare, etc.
• Advanced Business Management: For individuals in managerial positions with a high degree of responsibility and expertise in business

To qualify for this visa, you must receive a job offer in one of the fields above and reach at least 70 points, according to the Japanese Immigration Bureau’s points matrix. 

If you qualify for and obtain this visa, you’ll be eligible to receive:

• An automatic five-year residence visa
• Permanent residency after one or three years of residence in Japan (depending on your specific circumstances)
• An employment visa for your spouse
• Permission to bring your children, parents, and a nanny, provided they meet specific criteria

Business Manager Visa

This visa category is for individuals who are planning to establish, manage, or operate a business in Japan. It falls under the broader category of work visas and permits individuals to work in managerial positions or engage in business-related activities.

To be eligible for a Business Manager visa in Japan, you typically need to meet certain criteria, including:

• Proof of a legitimate business plan: You need to demonstrate that you have a viable and well-detailed plan for the business you intend to establish or manage
• Investment or capital requirements: Depending on the type of business, you might need to show a certain amount of capital investment
• Relevant experience and qualifications: You may need to demonstrate qualifications and experience that make you suitable for the business management role
• Legal requirements: Your business should adhere to all legal requirements and regulations in Japan
• Potential contribution to the Japanese economy: Your business should have a positive impact on the Japanese economy, such as creating jobs or contributing to local communities

Income Taxes in Japan

Japan uses a progressive tax structure, meaning that as your income increases, so do your taxes. The marginal tax rates in Japan for tax year 2025 (aka the taxes you’ll file in 2025) are as follows:

Income (JPY)	Income (USD)	Tax rate
¥0 – ¥1,950,000	$0 – $13,163	5%
¥1,950,000 – ¥3,300,000	$13,163  – $22,276	10%
¥3,300,000 – ¥6,950,000	$22,276 – $46,914	20%
¥6,950,000 – ¥9,000,000	$46,914 – $60,748	23%
¥9,000,000 – ¥18,000,000	$60,748 – $121,496	33%
¥18,000,000 – ¥40,000,000	$121,496 – $269,990	40%
¥40,000,000+	$269,990+	45%

US taxes for Americans Living in Japan

All US citizens and permanent residents must file US tax returns as long as they meet the minimum income reporting threshold. Some tax requirements and breaks that expats should know include the: 

• Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE): Allows you to exclude up to $126,500 (for tax year 2024) of foreign-earned income from taxation and write off qualified housing expenses via the Foreign Housing Exclusion
• Foreign Tax Credit (FTC): Allows you to essentially subtract what you’ve paid in foreign income taxes from what you owe the US government in income taxes
• Foreign Bank Account Report (FBAR): Requires anyone with over $10,000 across foreign accounts to file FinCEN Form 114
• Child Tax Credit (CTC): Allows you to claim up to $2,000 in partially refundable credits for each of your qualifying dependents
• Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA): Requires anyone with over $200,000 in foreign assets on the last day of the tax year — or over $300,000 at any point in the year — to file Form 8938 (these thresholds vary for those residing in the US)

Japan has long been hailed as a great vacation destination due to its natural beauty, rich culture, and delicious cuisine — but it’s also surprisingly common for Americans to retire in Japan. 

And with Japan’s great healthcare system, low crime rates, and lower cost of living, it’s not hard to see why. Below, we’ll delve into everything you need to know about retiring in Japan: what your visa options are, how their healthcare system works, where to retire, and more.

Many retired Americans live in Japan

As we mentioned, you might be surprised by how many retired Americans live in Japan. In fact, the US sends Social Security checks to some 45,000 Americans in Japan: the second-most in any foreign nation, just behind Canada (home to about 70,000 American Social Security beneficiaries).

So what exactly draws so many American retirees to Japan? In some cases, the many benefits of living in the country attract them – and we’ll get into these below. For others, however, the move is initially due to a job placement.

Many Americans initially relocate to Japan as military personnel

Worldwide, Japan is the foreign country with the highest number of US troops (nearly 54,000) and military bases (120). 

It’s not uncommon for these troops to build a life in Japan, find a partner, and live the rest of their lives there, away from their home country. Indeed, the military has various assistance programs that help military personnel transition into civilian life after service, which includes help with finding a job and getting a residence visa.

Benefits of retiring in Japan

A few of the many reasons Americans choose to retire in Japan include the following points.

An excellent healthcare system

Japan’s healthcare system is often ranked as one of the best in the world — which explains in part why the country has the third-highest life expectancy in the world. With highly qualified practitioners, advanced technology, clean and modern facilities, and an emphasis on preventive care, Japanese healthcare offers excellent quality at reasonable prices.

Affordability

While prices do, of course, vary based on location, it’s generally much less expensive in Japan than in the US. By some estimates, consumer prices (including rent) are 50.6% lower in Japan than in the US.

Safety

Japan has very low crime rates — in fact, it was named the ninth-safest country in the world according to the 2023 Global Peace Index.

Culture

Japan’s rich culture is a result of its long, complex, and fascinating history. Their distinct styles of art, music, and dress — as well as their customs and celebrations — garner admiration the world over. 

Japan is a beautiful country

From ornate shrines and temples to bamboo groves, mountains, cherry blossoms, beaches, traditional gardens, and spotless, well-planned cities, there’s no doubt that Japan is a beautiful country.

Japanese cuisine

While Japanese cuisine may be best known for dishes like sushi and udon, their culinary repertoire goes far beyond that. Oyakodon, omurice, okonomiyaki, and curry rice are just a few of their must-try dishes.

How to retire in Japan as a foreigner

When thinking about retirement in Japan, many US citizens and permanent residents wonder: “Can an American even retire in Japan?” The answer, put simply, is “yes.” However, it’s worth noting that it can be more challenging for some individuals than others.

Americans with Japanese citizenship or permanent residence

If you’re a Japanese citizen or permanent resident, it will be significantly easier to retire there, as a) you will have already earned the right to live in the country indefinitely and b) you may be able to draw income from the Japanese pension system.

The retirement age in Japan is 65. To draw a pension, you must work in Japan and contribute to the national pension system for at least 10 years. To qualify for the full pension of ¥795,000 (~$5,282 USD) per year, however, you must have contributed to the system for 40 years. Anyone who has contributed less than that will have their payout adjusted accordingly.

Americans without Japanese nationality or residence

Non-permanent residents who only want to live in Japan on a part-time basis shouldn’t run into too much trouble either, as Japan allows Americans to stay for up to 90 days at a time. Outside of that, there aren’t any defined rules about how many days you can spend in Japan each year. That said, immigration officers have the right to deny you entry if they feel you’ve spent too much time there. So to live in Japan on a long-term basis, you will need a visa.

One challenging aspect of retiring in Japan is that they do not offer the kind of dedicated retirement visa that many other countries do. Instead, you’ll have to go with a different non-working visa.

Japan retirement visa alternatives

A few visas retirees may want to consider include:

Designated activities visa

Visitors who want to stay in Japan for an extended period for sightseeing or recreational purposes can apply for a designated activities visa. To qualify, you must be 18 years or older and have more than ¥30 million (~$19,940 USD) in savings. The visa lasts six months and may be renewed once for an additional six months.

Student visa

This visa is for those who plan on studying at a Japanese educational institution. Note that “educational institution” doesn’t only refer to a university. One of the more popular options is to enroll in an intensive Japanese course at a language academy, which you can do for up to two years.

Cultural activities visa

On a similar note, the cultural activities visa is for those who wish to study a traditional Japanese activity such as martial arts, flower arranging, Japanese drumming, tea ceremonies, etc. The visa may be issued from three months up to three years but is ineligible for an extension.

Visas for spouses

Japan offers different visas for those who marry a Japanese citizen, permanent resident, or long-term visa holder. These visas last between six months and five years, depending on one’s own and their spouse’s circumstances. Spouses of Japanese nationals and permanent residents can often extend these visas, while the spouses of Japanese visa holders may be able to extend their visa if their spouse does as well.

Long-term residency visa

Certain individuals with Japanese heritage can apply for a long-term residency visa, which lasts from six months to five years and may be extended. Qualifying circumstances include being the grandchild of Japanese nationals and second and third-generation Japanese settlers (Nisei and Sansei, respectively).

How long does it take to get a visa to live in Japan?

Japanese visas have a speedy processing time — typically, just five working days. This process may take longer in the event of an unusually high number of applications or complicated individual circumstances, though. Keep in mind, too, that you will need to dedicate time to gather the required documents for each visa.

Where to retire in Japan

There are many great places for expats to live in Japan. However, some of the best options for retirees include:

Retiring in Yokohama

Yokohama offers all of the culture and excitement of Tokyo on a smaller scale. While it’s still Japan’s third-largest city, it’s about ⅓ of the population and size of Japan’s capital. Modernity and tradition sit side-by-side here, with a sleek skyline harmonizing seamlessly with historic landmarks. Whether you want to explore the restaurants and bars, shops, and museums, or relax among the plentiful green spaces and waterfront promenade, Yokohama offers everything.

Note: Yokohama is only about a 45-minute car ride away from Tokyo, making it easy to visit for appointments or just for fun. If you prefer to live even closer, you might want to look at some of these retiree-friendly wards in Tokyo.

Retiring in Okinawa

Okinawa may be best known as a US military outpost, but it’s got plenty to offer in its own right. Retirees living in Okinawa love the beaches, tropical climate, and slower pace of island life. And thanks to its Ryukuan culture, which blends elements of Japanese, Chinese, Southeast Asian, and indigenous customs, Okinawa has a distinctly different feel from the rest of Japan. Expats tend to favor areas like Yomitan, Chatan, and Sunabe.

Retiring in Nara

If you prefer a more remote lifestyle, you might enjoy the Nara prefecture. While 367,000 people reside in its capital, it’s still quite a small city center by Japanese standards — and there are plenty of charming rural towns nearby if peace and quiet is your priority. This small, traditional prefecture is known for its palaces, shrines, free-roaming deer, and onsen, or natural spring baths.

Healthcare in Japan for US Expats

As we mentioned earlier, Japan has an excellent healthcare system. As Japan’s population continues to age, it may come under some strain. However, economic growth is expected to offset most of the additional financial burden this could create (at least in the near future). On the positive side, this means that the Japanese health system is already well-versed in providing care to the country’s large senior community.

Anyone who has lived in Japan for more than three months will have to purchase health insurance. Those who will be staying in the country for more than a year may enroll in the National Health Insurance (NHI), Japan’s universal healthcare program. NHI is funded primarily through general tax revenue, and typically covers 70% of medical costs, with patients usually paying the remaining 30%. The enrollment process often takes a few months, so you’ll want to get started as soon as possible.

Those who will be staying for less than a year, on the other hand, will have to purchase a private insurance plan. Many people enrolled in the NHI purchase supplemental insurance for treatments that fall outside of NHI’s scope, such as orthodontics. The prices for these vary greatly based on the policyholder’s age and health as well as the extent of coverage.

How much does it cost to retire in Japan?

Retirement costs in Japan depend largely on your lifestyle and location as well as the strength of the US dollar compared to the yen. Generally, you can expect to spend about ¥250,000 to ¥300,000 (~$1,660 to ~$1,990 USD) per month. For additional context, the average retirement savings in Japan for households headed by someone aged 60 or older is about ¥15.1 million (~$100,308 USD).

If you will regularly be transferring different currencies between foreign bank accounts, you may want to look into services like Wise, which are typically quicker and cheaper than traditional wire transfers.

Retiring in Japan on Social Security: Considerations

The average US Social Security payout is $21,384 USD per year, which is significantly higher than the average Japanese pension payout of ¥270,000 (~$1,793 USD) per year. With average US Social Security payments breaking down to about $1,782 USD per month, this income may be enough to live off of alone in Japan. That said, it’s always best to move abroad with as much in additional savings as possible.

Keep in mind, too, that those US Social Security payments are taxable income. Japan taxes its residents on worldwide income, which includes US Social Security income. However, non-tax residents may be able to avoid taxes on US Social Security income as long as it’s paid into a foreign account. The details can get complex, though, so it’s best to consult a Japanese tax professional to make sure.

Do Americans pay taxes in Japan?

The US has a unique citizen-based taxation system that requires all US citizens and permanent residents who meet the minimum income reporting thresholds — domestic or abroad — to file a federal tax return. If you’re also subject to taxes in Japan, you may worry about being taxed by both governments on the same income — but fortunately, there are ways to reduce or even eliminate that risk.

US-Japan tax treaty

The US and Japan do have a tax treaty, but a tricky savings clause limits the benefits for most Americans living in Japan. As a result, you would probably be better off claiming one of the tax provisions below.

US tax provisions for Americans retired in Japan

Some of the tax breaks that may offer relief for expat retirees include:

• The Foreign Tax Credit (FTC): The FTC lets US expats essentially subtract what they have paid in income taxes to a foreign government from what they owe to the US government (though as with all things US-tax related, it’s not quite that simple)
• The Child Tax Credit (CTC): The CTC can provide you with up to $1,500 USD per qualifying child in partially refundable credits. And despite what its name suggests, it can actually be applied to minor grandchildren and direct descendants of your immediate family, like nieces and nephews, as well.
• Credit for Other Dependents: Taxpayers who have a dependent that’s not a minor child can qualify for up to $500 USD per qualifying dependent in non-refundable credits.

Keep in mind, too, that:

• Withdrawals from post-tax retirement accounts, like Roth IRAs and Roth 401(k)s, are tax-free
• Only up to 85% of Social Security payments are subject to taxation

Common US filing requirements to be aware of when retiring in Japan

Americans abroad may also encounter additional or different reporting requirements than their stateside peers.

The Foreign Bank Account Report (FBAR)

Americans with over $10,000 USD in foreign financial accounts at any time in the tax year must file an FBAR. 

The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) & Form 8398

FATCA compels Americans abroad to file Form 8938 if they possess foreign financial assets valued at over $200,000 USD on the last day of the tax year, or over $300,000 USD at any point in the tax year.